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多吃鱼可减缓记忆力衰退

http://eat.csonline.com.cn 2007年11月26日15时13分星辰美食网

　　据英国媒体11月22日报道，根据挪威的一项最新研究显示，年长者多吃鱼可以减缓记忆力衰退的迹象，而且吃越多效果就越好。这份研究报告发表在《美国营养学会》期刊上。

　　研究人员发现，多吃鱼的年长者在参加记性、视觉感知、空间认知、注意力、方向感、语言流畅度方面测试时，得分都比其他人高。牛津大学史密斯博士称，多吃鱼的年长者，无论男性女性在接受六项认知测试时都表现的很好，而且吃鱼越多的人效果就越好。

　　史密斯博士研究小组以挪威西部2031名年龄介于70到74岁之间的年长者为研究对象。在参加测试者之中，有1951人每天吃鱼达到10克或更多，包括新鲜鱼肉、罐头鱼，或者鱼肝油和鱼油等鱼类食品。而其他80人每天吃鱼的份量不到10克。

　　研究人员表示，他们还需要进一步研究，以确定吃哪些鱼肉和鱼肉食品、哪一类鱼，以及何种烹调方法，对加强记性有帮助。史密斯称，找出鱼肉中的成分很重要，研究发现无脂鱼和脂质鱼效果都一样好。因此，对人们有益的鱼可能不只是含有omega-3脂肪酸的鱼肉。

　　鱼类的蛋白质含量约15致24%，所以鱼肉是很好的蛋白质来源，而且这些蛋白质吸收率很高，约有87至98%都能被人体吸收。鱼油还含有丰富的维生素A及D，特别是鱼的肝脏含量最多。鱼类也含有水溶性的维生素B6、B12、烟碱酸及生物素。鱼类还含有矿物质，最值得一提的是丁香鱼或沙丁鱼等，若带骨一起吃，是很好的钙质来源；海水鱼则含有丰富的碘；其它如磷、铜、镁、钾、铁等，也都可以在吃鱼时摄取到。此外，鱼类所含的DHA，它们在人体内主要是存在脑部、视网膜和神经中。DHA可维持视网膜正常功能，婴儿尤其需要此种养份，促进视力健全发展；DHA也对人脑发育及智能发展有极大的助益，亦是神经系统成长不可或缺的养份。

　　医学研究发现，爱斯基摩人罹患心血管疾病的比例很低，原来是因为他们的饮食中有大量富含EPA及DHA的海鱼类；在日本地区的调查，也发现沿海渔村的居民，罹患心血管疾病的比例较内地农民低。鱼肉中之EPA及DHA这两种特别的ω-3系列脂肪酸可以降低血脂质，特别是三酸甘油脂及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(坏的胆固醇)会使血小板比较不会凝集，而有预防血栓形成引起之心脏血管疾病及脑中风的功效，可以保护心脏。

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