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合理喂养促进宝宝健康

http://eat.csonline.com.cn 2007年04月12日17时15分星辰美食网

　　孩子一出生，就要为孩子选择喂养方式，即母乳喂养，人工喂养或混合喂养。在此提醒家长尽可能给您的宝宝精心母乳喂养。从营养学角度，母乳是婴儿最佳的天然食物，尤其是新出生到4至6月以内的小婴儿，他具有宝宝发育所需的各种营养素如蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、矿物质、维生素，营养素间比例适中，利于吸收利用，更具有其他配方奶、牛奶所不能提供的免疫物质，神经内分泌调节因子等母乳喂养还能促进母子间感情交流，利于孩子心理的健康发育对于因母亲患疾病如急性肝炎，结核等传染病确实不能进行母乳喂养或母乳不足的情形，家长应当为宝宝选择配方奶进行喂养，而不要使用普通新鲜牛奶，后者在营养成分含量、比例等很多方面均不适合婴儿的生理要求。

　　婴儿期喂养需要注意的第二个问题是转奶期辅助食品的添加，孩子发育到4～6个月时，单纯母乳喂养不能使用完全满足婴儿的营养需求，需要给孩子添加奶类以外的食物，过去我们把这一时期称之为断奶期，但由于往往被家长错误理解为要为孩子断奶,包括母乳及奶制品，进食非乳类食物导致不合理。因此，儿保专家建议将这一时期称之为转乳期，既从单一的母乳喂养逐渐过渡到母乳喂养，混合喂养或人工喂养结合糊状，固体食物喂养的阶段，这一阶段的辅助添加不是可有可无，而是重要和必须的。首先添加辅食可培养良好饮食习惯，逐步适应从液体食物向成人期食物的过渡。由于该阶段婴儿的生理和心理特点，在添加副食时要遵循如下原则：添加年龄一般为4～6个月，国内习惯于从4个月开始，辅食的种类从一种到多种，少量到多量。细到粗、稀到稠。最初从谷类事物开始添加，比如强化铁的婴儿米粉，然后菜泥、果泥、蛋类、肉类食品，在宝宝不接受新添加的某一食品时，给予足够耐心，为宝宝营造一个愉快的气氛，提高其进食的兴趣，在已习惯于某些食物的口味后，根据营养的需求，适时变化食物种类，以避免宝宝养成挑食、偏食的不良习惯。

　　专家提醒，各位家长应当重视婴儿期的喂养，掌握科学育儿知识，为孩子提供全面、均衡的营养，保证孩子人生历程中有一个良好的开端。

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