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想做妈妈每天吃点瓜子

http://eat.csonline.com.cn 2007年03月21日11时46分星辰美食网

　　要生一个健康的宝宝，女人从进入育龄期的第一天起就应做好营养储备。我国著名营养学家李瑞芬针对这一人群的营养问题开出了“改善处方”：每天吃一小把葵花子（约30粒左右），将对改善叶酸缺乏大有帮助。

　　有调查显示，中国约有三成育龄女性体内叶酸缺乏。叶酸是一种水溶性维生素，是胎儿早期神经发育所必需的营养物质。李瑞芬建议孕前3个月就要开始服用叶酸，每天0.4毫克，直至怀孕满3个月。

　　24～28岁是最佳生育年龄，但这一年龄段的许多女性却把保持身材放到了第一位，用节食、吃药等方法减肥。李瑞芬对此表示十分担忧，她说，节食造成的营养素缺乏不仅容易生出低体重儿，而且会使叶酸缺乏现象“雪上加霜”，导致无脑儿、神经管畸形儿出生率增高。此外，超重和肥胖的育龄女性也不在少数，身体肥胖会诱发某些妊娠并发症，如高血压、糖尿病等，还容易生出巨大儿。

　　针对目前我国育龄女性的营养隐患，李瑞芬开出了“改善处方”，要调整体重和补充营养。在保证营养储备的同时，提高夫妻同房质量对生一个健康的宝宝也很重要。她建议，同房前，夫妻双方最好能喝上一小杯酸奶（125毫升），吃两片饼干，以提供充足的能量，第二天的早餐也要更加丰富一些才好。此外，还要注意补充一些有益性生活的食物。

　　育龄女性应当这样吃

　　调整体重：一个成年女性的标准体重（千克）＝身高（厘米）－105，上下浮动10％为正常。体重不达标或超标者，应在医生或营养师的帮助下，将体重调至标准后再准备怀孕。

　　补充营养：多吃富含叶酸的食物，如动物肝脏、鱼、绿叶蔬菜、豆制品、坚果和种子（瓜子、花生、核桃仁）等。育龄女性每天摄入主食250～300克、肉类100克、鸡蛋1～2个、豆制品100～150克、蔬菜500克、水果2个、牛奶500毫升（早1次，晚1次，晚上最好喝酸奶）。

　　有益性生活的5类食物

　　动物内脏:含较多胆固醇，这是合成性激素的原料，如猪肝、鸡肝、猪心等。

　　含锌食物:可以滋养神经系统，如牡蛎、牛肉、蛋黄、花生、鱼、红糖等。

　　富含精氨酸的食物:能补肾益精，如海参、泥鳅、墨鱼、紫菜、豌豆等。

　　含钙多的食物:芝麻酱、海带、大豆及奶制品等。

　　富含维生素的食物：深红、深绿和深紫色的蔬菜水果。

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