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皇家膳食五大秘密
http://eat.csonline.com.cn  2008年01月15日11时0分   星辰美食网

 

  沈阳故宫今年春节将举办一个饶有趣味的《清宫饮食展》,60件(套)珍贵文物和文字图片披露出许多常人不知的皇家膳食秘密。

  据沈阳故宫博物院研究人员李理介绍,清代是中国最后一个封建王朝,它总结并汲取了中国饮食文化的传统精华,把宫廷饮食发展到了登峰造极的地步。从档案史料中,人们可以看出清代皇家膳食的五个特点:

  一是清代皇帝一日只吃两餐。早膳多在早6时开始,有时也会推迟到早8时。晚膳多在12点至午后2点。用现代观念看,这应算是午餐。两次正餐之后,如果饿了各加一顿小吃。

  二是清宫御膳主要由三种地方风味及菜系组成。满族菜是从小吃惯了的民族口味,各种肉类及野味、粘食饽饽、蘸酱菜等都是皇帝后妃难舍的美食;入主中原后,清宫沿袭了明代宫廷饮食特色,膳食逐渐以山东风味为主;到了乾隆年间,由于数次南巡,苏杭菜点受到赏识并在宫中流行起来。

  三是清代帝后们饮食喜好各异。例如:乾隆皇帝的膳食粗细搭配、粮菜互补、十分合理;光绪皇帝喜食海味菜,鱼翅、海参、海蜇、海带等原料烹制的菜肴每餐必备;慈禧喜食的菜肴有烧猪肉皮、清炖鸭舌和鸭掌、西瓜盅等,还喜食小窝头、炸三角等点心;溥仪对西餐颇感兴趣,曾在紫禁城内设置西餐厨房。

  四是清宫筵宴名目繁多,从年初吃到年尾。除元旦、万寿(皇帝生日)、冬至三大节日筵宴之外,还有庆祝征战胜利的凯旋宴、笼络臣民的千叟宴、皇帝大婚宴、公主下嫁宴、招待朝鲜使臣和西藏贡使及蒙古王公等的除夕宴、皇太后圣寿宴、皇后千秋宴、各嫔妃的生辰筵宴、皇子皇孙的成婚礼宴、宗室家宴。此外还有各种节令宴等。

  五是注重养生保健康,追求长生不老。乾隆皇帝经常服用龟龄酒、松龄太平春酒、健脾滋肾状元酒,晚年还常吃“八珍糕”。慈禧中年后开始饮如意长生酒,此酒除风祛湿,化食止渴,疏通血脉,强筋壮骨,是保健佳品。

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