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唐朝人怎样喝茶
http://eat.csonline.com.cn  2007年12月10日15时37分   星辰美食网

 

  大唐是中华民族的鼎盛时期。随着唐帝国强大的国际影响和频繁的国际交往,中国的茶香、茶艺,远播海外。

  大唐皇帝在六迎佛骨时,曾将一套价值无与伦比的宫廷茶具,奉献给法门佛祖。1987年4月3日,这批稀世珍宝重见天日,立即引起世界轰动。这说明,唐代已是我国种茶、饮茶以及茶文化发展的鼎盛时期。茶叶逐渐从皇宫内院走入了寻常百姓的家庭,因此无论是宫廷茶艺、宗教茶艺、文士茶艺和民间茶艺,不论在茶艺内涵的理解上还是在操作程序上都已趋于成熟,形成了多种多样各具特色的饮茶之道。

  唐朝人到底是怎样喝茶的?这是一个人们感兴趣的问题。西安福宝阁根据我国茶文化专家、学者的研究,及陆羽《茶经》的记载,艺术地复原了“大唐茶韵”,其中包括“清平茶”、“大唐贵妃茶”、“大唐文士茶”、“大唐禅茶”、“大唐民俗茶”等,让今人了解了大唐的茶文化。

  大唐君臣清平茶说的是唐明皇李隆基邀请大学士李白品尝全国各地进贡的新茶贡品之事。李白诗性大发,挥毫写下了千古名篇《清平调三首》。大唐君臣清平茶程序繁多,分为备器、鉴赏茶饼、炙茶、碾茶、筛茶、候汤、投盐、舀汤、置茶兑汤、分茶、敬茶、闻茶、观色、品茶、谢茶等十六个步骤,是盛唐时期的宫廷茶艺。?

  长安汇萃了大唐的茶界名流文人雅士,他们办茶会、写茶诗、著茶文、品茶论道、以茶会友。高僧皎然在《饮茶歌诮崔世使君》一诗中就写道:“……一饮涤昏寐,情思爽朗满天地。再饮清我神,忽如飞雨洒轻尘。三饮便得道,何须苦心破烦恼。此物清高世莫知,世人饮酒多自欺。”唐代饮茶诗中最著名的要算是卢仝《走笔谢孟谏议寄新茶》诗中所论述的七碗茶了:“一碗喉吻润。二碗破孤闷。三碗搜枯肠,惟有文章五千卷,四碗发轻汗,平生不平事,尽向毛孔散。五碗肌骨轻。六碗通仙灵。七碗吃不得也,唯觉两腑习习清风生。蓬莱山,在何处,玉川子乘此清风欲归去。”喝了七碗茶就能变成神仙。

  文士茶道分为备器、净手、焚香、礼拜、赏茶鉴茶、鉴水、烹茶、闻茶、观色、谢茶等。受邀参加茶会的文士用弹琴、吹笛、舞剑烘托茶会气氛和答谢主人。

  法门寺地宫出土的大唐宫廷茶具,证明唐代佛门禅茶已经非常兴旺。钱易曾说过这样一个故事:唐宣宗曾问一位130多岁老僧,吃了什么药能这么长寿??

  老僧说没吃什么药,唯一的嗜好是饮茶。法门禅茶是佛教中的一种茶道,是禅师茶艺、佛门品茗的高雅艺术。茶道程序繁多,分为礼佛、净手、焚香、备器、放盐、置料、投茶、煮茶、分茶、敬茶、闻茶、吃茶、谢茶等。?

  所谓“吃茶”是将茶与葱、姜、枣、橘皮、茱萸、薄荷等熬成粥吃,在唐代已经非常流行。陆羽在《茶经》中就记载了这种吃法。

  大唐时期“茶道”的出现表明,饮茶已不仅仅是一种生活方式,还是一种境界,一种修身养性的方式。

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