中秋节的起源--长沙美食网

精彩食尚特色菜石姐调味吃界动向好店推荐休闲食趣食疗食补美食趣闻天下美食餐饮界投诉台餐饮打折超市速递

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中秋节的起源

http://eat.csonline.com.cn 2007年09月12日15时49分星辰美食网

　　中秋节又称月夕、秋节、仲秋节、八月节、八月会、追月节、玩月节、拜月节、女儿节或团圆节，是流行于全国众多民族中的传统文化节日，时在农历八月十五；因其恰值三秋之半，故名。据说此夜月球距地球最近，月亮最大显圆最亮，所以从古至今都有饮宴赏月的习俗；回娘家的媳妇是日必返夫家，以寓圆满、吉庆之意。也有些地方将中秋节定在八月十六，如宁波、台州、舟山，这与方国珍占据温、台、明三州时，为防范元朝官兵和朱元田的袭击而改“正月十四为元宵、八月十六为中秋”有关。此外在香港，过了中秋兴犹未尽，还要在十六夜再狂欢一次.名为“追月”。

　　中秋节是远古天象崇拜——敬月习俗的遗痕。据《周礼·春官》记载，周代已有“中秋夜迎寒”、“中秋献良裘”、“秋分夕月（拜月）”的活动；汉代，又在中秋或立秋之日敬老、养老，赐以雄粗饼。晋时亦有中秋赏月之举，不过不太普遍；直到唐代将中秋与储娥奔月、吴刚伐桂、玉兔捣药、杨贵妃变月神、唐明皇游月宫等神话故事结合起，使之充满浪漫色彩，玩月之风方才大兴。

　　北宋，正式定八月十五为中秋节，并出现“小饼如嚼月，中有酥和饴”的节令食品。孟元老《东京梦华录》说：“中秋夜，贵家结饰台榭，民间争占酒楼玩月”；而且“弦重鼎沸，近内延居民，深夜逢闻笙芋之声，宛如云外。间里儿童，连宵婚戏；夜市骈阗，至于通晓。”吴自牧《梦梁录》说：“此际金凤荐爽，玉露生凉，丹桂香飘，银蟾光满。王孙公子，富家巨室，莫不登危楼，临轩玩月，或开广榭，玳筵罗列，琴瑟铿锵，酌酒高歌，以卜竟夕之欢。至如铺席之家，亦登小小月台，安排家宴，团围子女，以酬佳节。虽陋巷贫篓之人，解农市酒，勉强迎欢，不肯虚度。此夜天街卖买，直至五鼓，玩月游人，婆婆于市，至烧不绝。”更有意思的是，《新编醉翁谈录》记述拜月之俗：“倾城人家子女不以贫富能自行至十二三，皆以成人之眼眼饰之，登楼或中庭焚香拜月，各有所朝；男则愿早步蟾宫，高攀仙桂。…女则愿貌似嫦娥，圆如皓月。”

　　明清两朝的赏月活动，盛行不衰。“其祭果饼必圆”；各家都要设“月光位”，在月出方向“向月供而拜”。陆启泓《北京岁华记》载：“中秋夜，人家各置月宫符象，符上免如人立；陈瓜果于庭，饼面绘月宫蟾免；男女肃拜烧香，旦而焚之。”田汝成《西湖游览志余》云：“是夕，人家有赏月之宴，或携柏湖船，沿游彻晓。苏堤之上，联袂踏歌，无异白日”；“民间以月饼相邀，取团圆之义”。富察敦崇《燕京岁时记》称：“中秋月饼，以前门致美斋者为京都第一，他处不足食也。呈供月月饼到处皆有。大者尺余，上绘月宫蜡兔之形。”“每届中秋，府第朱门皆以月饼果品相馈赠。至十五月圆时，陈瓜果于庭以供月，并祀以毛豆、鸡冠花。是时也，皓魄当空，彩云初散，传杯洗盏，儿女喧哗，真所谓佳节也。唯供月时男子多不叩拜。”同时这五百多年中还推出“烧斗香”、“走月亮”、“放天灯”、“树中秋”、“点塔灯”、“舞火龙”、“曳石”、“卖兔儿爷”等节庆活动；其中的赏月，吃月饼、团圆饭等习俗，一直流传到今天。

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