专家驳斥牛奶有害论称牛乳中的钙方便人体吸收--长沙美食网

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专家驳斥牛奶有害论称牛乳中的钙方便人体吸收

http://eat.csonline.com.cn 2007年06月14日10时0分星辰美食网

　　近来有舆论认为喝牛奶不补钙反而会减钙，这给人们在牛奶饮用上带来困惑。在5月29日召开的纪念第七个“世界牛奶日”和“国家学生饮用奶计划”实施七周年大会上，专家在发言时说，个别学者片面宣传的“牛奶有害”、“喝牛奶不补钙反而减钙”等观点是缺乏科学依据的，提倡不论是植物性食物还是动物性食物，关键是要科学饮食、合理营养、平衡膳食。

　　中国农业大学食品学院教授、博士生导师南庆贤说：“人体的骨骼从出生到衰老其内含的钙量变化是有规律的，一般来说，其生理性骨量减少是从40岁开始直到终身。在25岁左右时骨量最高，称骨峰值。因此在40岁后即使补钙，骨量也是呈现下降趋势。为了防止出现严重骨质疏松现象，除了在40岁后继续补充钙之外，更应在儿童和青年期补钙，这一时期他们对钙需要量最高，同时钙的吸收率也最高，而且青少年钙营养的储备状况对成年人骨量变化有很大影响。所以人的一生应一直喝奶。”

　　研究表明，在乳制品中，每升牛乳含钙达1000毫克左右，可以说含钙量非常高。专家解释，牛乳中的钙方便人体吸收，是因为钙和磷在乳中以大致相等比例组成，和牙齿的珐琅质结构相似，并且乳中钙和蛋白质结合，成为一种稳定的复合体，有利机体吸收。据测算，牛乳中的钙一般吸收率可达35%—45%之间，而脱脂奶中钙的利用率更可高达80%—85%。美国消费品食品问题调查显示,美国人钙补充来源有50%以上仍是从牛乳中获得。最新修订的《2005年美国膳食指南》仍然强调指出“乳制品”的摄入，并建议9岁以上儿童及成人每天食用700毫升脱脂或低脂牛奶或乳制品。

　　据调查显示，我国的情况是，2005年我国城镇居民人均奶制品消费量仅22公斤，农村居民只有2公斤，而世界人均是100公斤，美国是300公斤，中国饮奶量远未达到世界人均的1/4。我国多次营养调查表明，儿童佝偻病的多发，生长发育滞后，成年后骨质疏松严重和机体体制下降，钙摄入不足是重要原因之一。南庆贤教授说：“任何一种食物采食量及其性能都会有其两重性，牛乳会引起某些特殊人群的过敏反应、乳糖不耐症，但不能因此就完全否定牛奶的营养价值。将未取得一致意见和重复验证的结论草率地到处宣扬是极其不严肃的科研态度。”

　　1997年中国营养学会发布的平衡膳食指南，推荐每人每日摄入各类食物总量为1100—1475克，其中奶类或奶制品为100克，折合成鲜奶为300—500克。而目前我国人均每天奶类或奶制品的摄入量仅30克左右，城市居民也只有70克左右，离专家推荐的比例还差得很远。会上，中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所荫士安研究员明确提倡人们特别是儿童和青少年每日饮1—2杯牛奶，不仅有利于个体的骨骼生长发育，而且有利于体格发育，在这一时期养成饮奶的良好习惯，更有利于增加一生膳食钙摄入。

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